| The Prehistoric Age |
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Archaeological findings have indicated that the first settlements on the Korean Peninsula occurred 700,000 years ago.
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| Gojoseon (2333 - 108 B.C) |
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According to legend, the mythical figure Dan-gun founded Gojseon, the first Korean Kingdom, in 2333 B.C. Subsequently, several tribes moved from the southern part of Manchuria to the Korean Peninsula.
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| The Three Kingdoms Period (57 B.C. - A.D. 676) |
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The Three Kingdoms refers to a period of time (early 4th to mid-7th centuries AD) marked by the struggle of three rival kingdoms: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla over the territory spanning the Korean peninsula and part of Northeastern Asia.
Goguryeo
An ancient state of the Korean peninsula, Goguryeo occupied the largest territory among the Three Kingdoms. Founded in 37 BC, Goguryeo prospered on a vast area encompassing the northern part of the Korean peninsula and south-central Manchuria. The kingdom expanded its territory in fierce battles against Chinese kingdoms, but fell to an alliance of Silla and Tang forces in 668 AD.
Silla
One of the ancient states of the Three Kingdoms, Silla originated in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula. The kingdom lasted for 992 years, from 57 BC to 935 AD. It conquered Baekje and Goguryeo, one after the other, by joining forces with the Tang Empire of China. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms, The Tang Empire was no longer an ally, but an invader. Hence, Silla joined forces with the people of Goguryeo and Baekje to drive out Tang forces, and founded the first unified state in the history of Korea in the territory south of the Daedonggang River and Wonsanman.
Baekje
One of the three ancient kingdoms, Baekje (18 BC-660 AD) was founded by King onjo, the son of the King of Goguryeo, in the southwestern part of the Korean peninsula. The kingdom witnessed the florescence of the elegant and delicate Baekje culture, which in particular greatly affected Japanese culture. In 660 AD, Baekje was defeated by the coalition troops of Silla and Tang of China. >> More info |
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| The Unified Silla Kingdom and Balhae |
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| The Unified Silla(676-935) |
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The Unified Silla Kingdom promoted the development of culture and arts, and the popularity of Buddhism reached its peak during this period. The Unified Silla Kingdom declined because of contention for supremacy among the noble classes, and was annexed by Goryeo in 935.
>> More info |
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| Balhae(698-926)
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The Balhae Kingdom began to emerge just as the Goguryeo kingdom was on the verge of collapsing. Goguryeo General, Dae Joyeong founded Balhae along with his army of displaced peoples. At one point, Balhae became so powerful that it was able to acquire territories in northern and eastern parts of China. At those times, the Tang Dynasty of China referred to Balhae as 'the strong country by the sea in the east.' The significance of the Balhae Kingdom is greatly inherited from Goguryeo, including the land that it was able to retrieve.
>> More info |
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| The Goryeo Dynasty (918 - 1392) |
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The Goryeo Dynasty was established in 918. Buddhism became the state religion during this time and greatly influenced politics and culture. Famous items produced during this time include Goryeo celadon and the Tripitaka Koreana. Jikjisimgyeong, Buddhist scripture printed with the world's first movable metal type developed in Korea during Goryeo Dynasty, is at least 78 years older than the first Gutenberg Bible.
The Goryeo Dynasty's strength decreased gradually in the latter half of the 14th century.
>> More info |
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| The Joseon Dynasty (1392 - 1910) |
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The Joseon Dynasty was formed at the end of the 14th century. Confucianism became the state ideology and exerted a massive influence over the whole of society. The Joseon Dynasty produced Hangeul, the Korean alphabet, which was invented in 1443, during the reign of King Sejong. The dynasty's power declined later because of foreign invasions, beginning with the Japanese invasion of 1592.
>> More info 1. The Early Joseon Dynasty
2. The Late Joseon Dynasty |
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| The Japanese Colonial Period (1910 - 1945) |
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In 1876, the Joseon Dynasty was forced to adopt an open-door policy regarding Japan. The Japanese annexation of Korea concluded in 1910, and Korean people had to suffer under the Japanese colonial rule until the surrender of Japan in 1945, which ended World War II.
>> More info |
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| Establishment of the Korean Government (1945-1948) |
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Korea was liberated from Japanese oppression on August 15, 1945, but it soon faced the tragic division of North and South along the 38th parallel. Both regions were placed under temporary military rule by the U.S. and Soviet armies. In 1948 with the help of the United Nations, South Korea held an election on May 10th and elected Dr. Rhee Syngman president. on August 15th of that same year, an official declaration was made about the birth of the South Korean government. on the other hand, North Korea formed the Provisional People’s Committee for North Korea, led by Kim Il-sung, in February 1946. on September 9, 1948, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was officially founded.
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| The Korean War (1950-1953) |
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In the early hours of June 25th, 1950, North Korea attempted a forcible unification of North and South Korea by invading South Korea over the 38th parallel. In response, military help from over 16 nations helped defend South Korea against the threat of communism under the leadership of UN General Douglas MacArthur. China and the Soviet Union lent their military might to North Korea. The war continued over the next 3 years until coming to an end on July 27th 1953, with a peace agreement signed at Panmunjeom, located in the DMZ. Not only did the war ravage the peninsula, it also heightened hostile sentiments between the North and South, making reunification a difficult task.
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| The Aftermath of War (1954-Current) |
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The Rhee Syngman government focused on an anti-communist approach to government beginning in 1954, but in 1960 the government's power collapsed with the student's anti government movement, the 4.19 Revolution. In 1963, Park Chung-hee was elected president and ruled with a controversial iron fist for the next 17 years. President Park Chung-hee's 'Saemaeul Undong' (New Community Movement, an effort to modernize Korea that began in 1970) brought about much progress in South Korea, and the systematic approach to economic development also yielded increased exports and positive returns. But with the democratic movement in progress and the citizens becoming wary of such extended rule, Park Chung-hee's life ended in a 1979 assassination. Afterwards in 1980, Chun Doo-hwan came to power and continued to lead the nation with an authoritarian slant as had been the case with former rulers. His rule came to an end in 1987 after massive protests across the country demanded democracy. In 1988 the Roh Tae-woo government started off the year on a good note by successfully hosting the 1988 Seoul Olympics. His government went on to join the UN in 1991. The Kim Young-sam government which began in 1993 implemented a new system in which people were required to use their real names when making financial transactions, a much needed revolution at the time. In 1998, Kim Dae-jung was elected president and threw his efforts into overcoming the IMF financial catastrophe that hit Asia in 1997, and also hosted the 17th FIFA World Cup in 2002. President Kim Dae-jung was also the winner of the 2000 Nobel Peace Prize for his Sunshine Policy regarding North Korea. President Rho Moo-hyun's term began in 2003 aiming, to achieve economic growth, and develop Korea as the hub of Asia with a more democratic style of leadership.
On the other hand, North Korea has been ruled by Kim Jeong-il since the death of Kim Il-Sung in 1994. Faced with dire economic situations, North Korea has begun to implement partial free trade in an effort to remedy the situation.
North and South Korea jointly signed an agreement on July 4th, 1972 concerning the reunification of the two Koreas, and in 2000 Kim Dae-jung and Kim Jeong-il took early steps to explore reunification, improving the economy, and solving the problem of separated families. The family reunification program, started in 1985, continues until this day. In 1998, South Korean citizens began to be admitted into North Korea to tour the Geumgangsan Diamond Mountains.
| ■ WORLD CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE |
|
| aa |
Korea |
China |
Japan |
The West |
| B.C. |
aa |
Bronze Age |
Jomon Period |
Ezrly Mesopotamia
Egyptian Kingdoms |
| 2000 |
aa |
Shang Dynasty (1766-1122)
Zhou Dynasty (1122-256) |
aa |
aa |
| 1000 |
Bronze Age
Gojoseon |
Spring and Autumn Period
(770-476) |
aa |
Founding of Rome(753) |
| 500 |
Iron Age
Buyeo |
Warring States Era (475-221)
Qin Dynasty (221-206)
Former Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D. 9) |
Bronze Age
Yayoi Period |
Socrates (469-399)
Alexander the Great (356-323)
First Punic War (264-241)
Second Punic War (219-201) |
| 200 |
Confederated Kingdoms of Samhan (Three Han States) |
aa |
aa |
aa |
| 100 |
Three Kingdoms:Silla(57 B.C. - A.D. 935)
Goguryeo (37 B.C. - A.D. 668)
Baekje (18 B.C. - A.D. 660)
Gaya (42-562) |
aa |
aa |
Birth of Christ |
| A.D. 200 |
aa |
Later Han Dynasty (26-221)
Three Kingdoms (220-280) |
Iron Age |
aa |
| 300 |
aa |
Jin Dynasty (265-420) |
Tumulus Period |
Christianity adopted as the state religion of Roman Empire (392)
Roman Empire divided (395) |
| 400 |
aa |
Nothern and Southern
Dynasties (420-581) |
aa |
Anglo-Saxons established in Britain (449) |
| 500 |
aa |
aa |
Asuka Perios (552-645) |
Mohammed (570-632) |
| 600 |
Unified Silla Kingdom(676-935)
Balhae Kingdom (668-928) |
Sui Dynasty (581-618)
Tang Dynasty (618-906) |
Nara Period (645-794) |
Hegira (622) and beginning of Islamic era |
| 700 |
aa |
aa |
Heian Period (794-1185) |
aa |
| 800 |
aa |
aa |
aa |
Charlemagne crowned first Holy Roman Emperor (800) |
| 900 |
Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) |
Five Dynasties(906-960)
Song Dynasty (960-1279) |
aa |
aa |
| 1000 |
aa |
aa |
aa |
First Crusade (1096-1099) |
| 1100 |
aa |
Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) |
Kamakura Period (1185-1392) |
aa |
| 1200 |
aa |
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) |
aa |
Magna Carta (1215)Marco Polo (1254-1324) |
| 1300 |
Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) |
aa |
Muromachi (Ashikaga) Period(1392-1568) |
The Hundred Years' War(1338-1453) |
| 1400 |
aa |
aa |
aa |
Gutenberg's Press (1492)
Columbus discovers America (1492) |
| 1500 |
aa |
aa |
Momoyama Period(1568-1615) |
Martin Luther launches reform of the church (1517) |
| 1600 |
aa |
Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) |
Tokugawa Period(1615-1867) |
The Thirty Years' War(1618-1648) |
| 1700 |
aa |
aa |
aa |
American Independence (1776)
French Revolution (1789-1793) |
| 1800 |
aa |
aa |
Meiji Period(1868-1912) |
American Civil War (1861-1865) |
| 1900 |
Annexation by Japan (1910)
Establishment of the ROK (1948)
Korean War (1950-1953) |
Establishment of the ROC (1912)
Establishment of the PRC (1949) |
Taisho Period(1912-1926)
Showa Period(1926-1988)
Heisei Period(1989-) |
World War I (1914-1918)
World War II (1939-1945) |
韩国的历史
|
|
| 史前时代 |
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| 经人类学研究发现, 在70万年前, 韩半岛就有人类居住。 |
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| 古朝鲜( B.C. 2333~B.C. 108) |
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| 据传, 神话人物 檀君于公元前2333年建立了韩国第一个王国- 古朝鲜。 此后, 几个部族由满州南部地区移到韩半岛。 |
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| 三国时代( B.C. 57~A.D. 676) |
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| 高句丽, 百济, 新罗建于一世纪。 这期间古代国家的政治体系, 宗教(佛教和儒教) 文化得到发展。 |
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| 统一新罗时代( A.D. 676~A.D. 935) |
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| 新罗的统一促进了文化的发展, 佛教也在这一时期得到了最大的普及。 统一新罗因贵族的霸权争斗而衰退, 935年归属高丽。 |
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| 高丽王朝(A.D. 918~1392) |
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| 高丽建于918年。 佛教在这一时期被定为国教, 给政治和文化带来巨大的影响。 著名文物有高丽青瓷和《高丽大藏经》。 高丽时代发明了直指。 直指是世界历史上最早出现的金属活字本,比古腾堡发明的金属活字本早了78年。14世纪中期后,高丽衰退。 |
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| 朝鲜王朝(1392~1910) |
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| 朝鲜王朝建于14世纪末, 儒教成为国教, 对全社会产生了很大的影响。 1443年发明了韩文字母。 由于日本的侵略(1592年, 任辰倭乱)和外国势力的侵略使朝鲜开始走向衰退。 |
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| 日本统治时期(1910~1945) |
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| 1876年朝鲜王朝被日本强迫打开了门户。 1910年日本占领韩国, 直到1945年第二次世界大战时, 日本被联军打败投降。 |
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| 大韩民国(1945~至今) |
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| 1945年日本被联军投降后撤离韩国。 其后韩半岛分为韩国与北韩。 韩国战争于1950年6月25日爆发, 1953年6月27日签定停战协定。 2000年历史性的南北韩首脑会谈在北韩的首都平壤召开。 |
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| ■ 世界年獻 |
|
| |
韩国 |
中國 |
日本 |
西洋 |
| B.C. |
|
青铜器时代 |
绳文时代 |
美索布达米亚埃及王国初期 |
| 2000 |
|
商 (1600-1046)
周 (1046-256) |
|
|
| 1000 |
青铜器时代古朝鲜 |
春秋时代
(770-476) |
|
罗马帝国建国(735) |
| 500 |
铁器时代
夫余国 |
战国时代(475-221) |
青铜器时代
弥生时代 |
第1次迦太基战争
(264-241)
第2次迦太基战争
(219-201) |
| 200 |
三韓時代 |
|
|
|
| 100 |
三国时代:
新罗
(57 B.C.-A.D.668)
高句丽
(37 B.C.-A.D.668)
百济
(18 B.C.-A.D.660)
伽倻 (42-562) |
|
|
|
| A.D. 200 |
|
东汉(25-220)
三国时代(220-280) |
铁器时代 |
|
| 300 |
|
西晋(265-316)
东晋(317-420)
十六国(304-439) |
古坟时代 |
确立新教(基督教)为罗马帝国国教(392)
罗马帝国分裂(395) |
| 400 |
|
南北朝时代(420-581) |
|
英国出现盎格鲁-撒克逊部落
(Anglo-Saxon)(499) |
| 500 |
|
|
飞鸟时代(552-645) |
(伊斯兰教)默罕默德
(570-632) |
| 600 |
统一新罗时代
(676-935)
渤海王国
(698-926) |
隋朝(581-618)
唐朝(618-907) |
奈良时代(645-794) |
海纪拉纪元
（Hegira 622）
和利斯兰时代的开始 |
| 700 |
|
|
平安时代(794-1185) |
|
| 800 |
|
|
|
查理曼(Charlesmagne)
成为新罗马帝国帝王 |
| 900 |
高丽时代(918-1392) |
五代十国(907-979)
宋(960-1279) |
|
|
| 1000 |
|
|
|
第1次十字军战争
(1096-1099) |
| 1100 |
|
元朝(1279-1368) |
镰仓时代
(1185-1392) |
|
| 1200 |
|
明朝(1368-1644) |
英国大宪章(Magna Carta)(1215) |
| 1300 |
朝鲜时代
(1392-1910) |
室町(足利)时代
(1392-1568) |
百年战争(1338-1453) |
| 1400 |
|
|
|
古登堡发明活字印刷术
(1397-1468)
哥伦布发现新大陆
(1492) |
| 1500 |
|
|
桃山时代
(1568-1615) |
马丁路德宗教改革
(1517) |
| 1600 |
|
清(1644-1911) |
德川时代
(1615-1867) |
30年战争
(1618-1648) |
| 1700 |
|
|
|
|
| 1800 |
大韩帝国宣布
(1897) |
|
明治时代
(1868-1912) |
美国南北战争(1861-1865) |
| 1900 |
日殖民时期(1910)
大韩民国成立(1948)
6.25战争
(1950-1953) |
中国民国成立
(1912)
中华人民共和国成立
(1949) |
大正时代(1912-1926)
昭和时代(1926-1988)
平成时代(1989-) |
第1次世界大战
(1914-19158)
第2次世界大战
(1939-1945) | |
== 중국 사회과학원 홈페이지에 소개된 한국역사 | |
